Disclaimer: If you think you have a medical emergency, call 911. The health tips and information we share on this blog are for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. They are not a substitute for advice from your doctor or healthcare provider.
Managing Agitation in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
What can cause agitation in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD)? For the approximately 6.5 million people in the U.S. with IDD, agitation can be a common and significant challenge. This may include restlessness, aggression, or vocal outbursts, which can stem from difficulty expressing needs. Identifying triggers and addressing underlying causes is essential to improving their well-being. This blog explores practical strategies for managing agitation in individuals with IDD.
Understanding Agitation in IDD
Agitation often manifests as behaviors like restlessness, self-injury, or aggression. These behaviors are not random but are frequently tied to unmet needs or frustrations. Communication barriers play a significant role, as individuals with IDD may struggle to articulate discomfort or anxiety. Addressing these challenges requires a proactive and informed approach.
Identifying Organic or Medical Causes
Medical issues often contribute to agitation, and recognizing them is vital. The HURTS mnemonic can guide this process:
- Head: Migraines, dental pain, or vision problems.
- Urinary Tract: Infections or blockages.
- Reflux and GI Issues: GERD, constipation, or other digestive issues.
- Thyroid and Trauma: Hormonal imbalances or physical injuries.
- Seizures and Side Effects: Medication-related issues or undiagnosed seizures.
By addressing these potential factors, healthcare providers can reduce agitation and improve quality of life.
Addressing Challenges with a Person-Centered Approach
Individuals with IDD face unique vulnerabilities, including a higher risk of abuse and neglect, which can contribute to agitation. Communication difficulties further complicate their ability to express discomfort or seek help, making it essential for caregivers and healthcare providers to create safe, supportive environments.
A person-centered approach is key to addressing these challenges. By tailoring support to an individual’s preferences, strengths, and goals, care becomes more effective and meaningful. This method promotes dignity and enhances quality of life by focusing on what matters most to the individual.
Evidence-Based Assessment and De-escalation
Accurate assessment tools like the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) help measure and understand agitation. Alongside these tools, effective de-escalation techniques are:
- Verbal redirection to diffuse tension.
- Creating calming environments to reduce sensory overload.
- Communication aids like symbol boards or speech-generating devices can be used to bridge gaps in understanding.
Medication Management
Psychotropic medications are sometimes used to manage agitation, but they should not be the first option. Behavioral interventions and environmental adjustments are often more effective. If medication is necessary, it’s essential to:
- Start with the lowest effective dose.
- Monitor regularly for side effects.
- Reassess frequently to ensure ongoing effectiveness.
Medications like antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and melatonin can be part of a comprehensive plan when carefully managed.
Managing agitation in individuals with IDD requires understanding, thoughtful assessment, and personalized care. Combining evidence-based strategies with empathy can improve outcomes and support overall well-being. At StationMD, we are committed to providing expert healthcare solutions for individuals with IDD and their caregivers. Contact us for support and guidance whenever you need it.